![]() ![]() In two studies, we empirically demonstrate that the answer to the absolute question depends on the answer to the comparative question. We then argue that an important – but previously ignored – aspect of the questioning sequence is participants’ answer to the comparative question. In this article, we first discuss existing explanations for the anchoring effect. Typically, participants’ absolute estimate is shifted in the direction of the anchor value “X”. A second question asks them for an absolute estimate (e.g., “What is the exact height of the Eiffel Tower?”). First, the anchor is presented as part of a comparative question (e.g., “Is the Eiffel Tower higher or lower than X meters?”). ![]() Ī common paradigm for studying anchoring effects uses a two-question sequence. The effect is stable over time and independent of participants’ motivation or expertise. It was demonstrated in various domains, including knowledge questions –, probability estimates, price estimates, sentencing decisions, and judgments about one’s own behavior. Such assimilation of a numerical estimate toward a previously presented figure is called an anchoring effect. Regardless of the anchor values’ arbitrary nature, participants’ absolute estimates were assimilated to it: If the anchor was 10, participants’ mean estimate of the true value was 25, if the anchor was 65, their mean estimate was 45. Later participants were asked to estimate the exact percentage of African UN member states. In a classic experiment, participants were asked whether the percentage of United Nations member states that are African is larger or smaller than a given number (the anchor value), which was ostensibly determined by spinning a wheel of fortune. ![]()
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